Buji, igikoresho cyo kumurika buri munsi, ahanini gikozwe muri paraffine, mubihe bya kera, ubusanzwe bikozwe mumavuta yinyamaswa. Irashobora gutwika kugirango itange urumuri. Byongeye kandi, buji zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye: muminsi mikuru y'amavuko, iminsi mikuru y'idini, icyunamo cy'itsinda, n'ubukwe no gushyingura. Mubikorwa byubuvanganzo nubuhanzi, buji zifite ibisobanuro byikigereranyo cyo kwigomwa no kwitanga.
Mu bihe bya none, abantu benshi bemeza ko buji yaturutse kumatara yigihe cyambere. abantu bambere bashushanyije ibinure cyangwa ibishashara kubishishwa cyangwa ibiti hanyuma bakabihambira hamwe kugirango bakore itara ryo kumurika. Bavuga kandi ko mu bihe byabanjirije Qin ndetse no mu bihe bya kera, abantu bamwe bahambiraga mugwort bagakubita urubingo, hanyuma bakabijugunya mu mavuta bakayacana kugira ngo bamurikire. Nyuma, umuntu yazinze urubingo rudafite umwenda aruzuza ibishashara kugira ngo abitwike.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya buji ni paraffine (C₂₅H₅₂), ikozwe mu gishashara cy’amavuta nyuma yo gukonjesha cyangwa gukonjesha. Ni uruvange rwa alkane nyinshi zateye imbere, cyane cyane n-dodecane (C22H46) na n-dioctadecane (C28H58), irimo karubone hafi 85% na hydrogène 14%. Ibikoresho bifasha byongeweho birimo amavuta yera, aside stearic, polyethylene, essence, nibindi, aho acide stearic (C17H35COOH) ikoreshwa cyane mugutezimbere ubworoherane, kandi iyongeweho ryihariye riterwa nubwoko bwa buji bukorwa. Biroroshye gushonga, ubucucike butarenze amazi bigoye gushonga mumazi. Ubushyuhe bushonga mumazi, butagira ibara buboneye kandi ubushyuhe buke buhindagurika, burashobora kunuka paraffine impumuro idasanzwe. Iyo hakonje, iba yera ikomeye, ifite impumuro idasanzwe.
Gutwika buji tubona ntabwo ari ugutwika kwa paraffine ikomeye, ahubwo igikoresho cyo gutwika gikongeza ipamba, kandi ubushyuhe bwarekuwe butuma paraffine ikomera kandi igahinduka kugirango ikore imyuka ya paraffine, yaka umuriro. Iyo buji yaka, urumuri rwambere ruba ruto kandi runini. Ikirimi kigabanyijemo ibice bitatu (flame yo hanze, flame y'imbere, umutima wumuriro). Ikirimi cya flame ni imyuka ya buji hamwe nubushyuhe buke; flame y'imbere paraffin ntabwo yaka neza, ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya flame center, kandi burimo ibice bya karubone; urumuri rwo hanze ruhuza ikirere n'umwuka, kandi urumuri ni rwo rwinshi, rwaka rwose, n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Kubwibyo, iyo inkoni yumukino ihinduwe vuba mumuriro hanyuma igakurwaho nyuma yisegonda 1, inkoni yumukino ikora igice cyumuriro cyo hanze ihinduka umukara mbere. Mugihe cyo kuzimya buji, urashobora kubona ubwenge bwumwotsi wera, hamwe numuriro waka kugirango ucane umwotsi wera, urashobora kubyutsa buji, bityo rero birashobora kugaragazwa ko umwotsi wera ari uduce duto duto twakozwe na paraffine. imyuka. Iyo buji yaka, ibicuruzwa byo gutwika ni dioxyde de carbone n'amazi. Imvugo yimiti: C25H52 + O2 (lit) CO2 + H2O. Ikintu cyaka mumacupa ya ogisijeni ni urumuri rwerurutse rwera rwera, rukarekura ubushyuhe, hamwe nigicu cyamazi kurukuta rwicupa.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-04-2023